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Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Patient's Guide to the Program, the Evidence, and What to Expect Week by Week

Medically Reviewed & Edited

Board-Certified Invasive Cardiologist
Encinitas and La Jolla, CA

Developed with digital research and writing assistance, then medically reviewed and edited by Dr. Rasch to ensure clinical accuracy and adherence to current evidence-based guidelines.

Last reviewed and updated on June 27, 2026

I refer almost every patient who has had a heart attack, a stent, bypass surgery, a valve procedure, or a new heart failure diagnosis to cardiac rehabilitation. The data behind the program is some of the strongest in cardiology, and patients who actually finish a cardiac rehab program live longer, stay out of the hospital more, feel better, and return to normal life faster than patients who skip it. The hard part is getting people to do it. National data shows that less than a quarter of eligible US patients finish a program, mostly because of logistical barriers (driving, scheduling, distance). This guide walks through what cardiac rehab actually is, the evidence, who qualifies, what to expect at every step, the choice between in-person and virtual rehab, and how to actually enroll.

What Is Cardiac Rehabilitation in Plain English?

Cardiac rehabilitation is a medically supervised 12 to 18 week program that helps you recover after a heart event or procedure. It combines structured exercise training, education about heart-healthy living (nutrition, blood pressure, cholesterol, stress, sleep, smoking), and one-on-one support from a clinical team. It is delivered either in person at a hospital or clinic gym, or virtually from your home through video calls and a remote monitoring kit. Medicare and most commercial insurance plans cover it for qualifying conditions.

What Cardiac Rehab Is NOT

Some patients come in thinking cardiac rehab is “just an exercise class at the gym” or “physical therapy for the heart.” It is neither. The exercise part is the most visible piece, but it is one component of a defined program.

It is also not just “go home, walk for 30 minutes a day, and try not to die.” That is the unstructured version many patients end up doing on their own, and the data shows it is far less effective than a real program. The structure, the supervision, the education, and the accountability are what produce the mortality and quality-of-life benefits.

What Cardiac Rehab IS

The 2024 American Heart Association and American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation scientific statement on core components defines a real cardiac rehab program as including all of the following:

A program that does not have all of those components is not really cardiac rehab. The reputable center-based and virtual programs are all built around this regulatory framework.

The Two Delivery Formats

There are two main ways to do cardiac rehab today:

Both formats meet Medicare’s core component requirements. Both have similar mortality and exercise-capacity benefits in published trials. The choice between them depends on your specific situation. More on how to choose later in this guide.

What the Evidence Shows

The 2023 Cochrane systematic review pooled 85 randomized trials with over 23,000 patients and found cardiac rehab cuts all-cause mortality by about 20 to 25 percent, cardiovascular mortality by about 26 percent, and hospital readmissions by 18 to 33 percent. Quality of life, exercise capacity, and return to work all improve substantially. The mortality benefit is comparable to what we see with high-intensity statin therapy.

The Mortality Benefit

The single most important number to know about cardiac rehab is the mortality reduction. The 2023 Cochrane systematic review (Dibben and colleagues, European Heart Journal) is the strongest synthesis of the evidence we have. The review pooled 85 randomized trials totaling 23,430 patients and found:

To put those numbers in perspective: the mortality benefit of cardiac rehab is comparable to what we see with high-intensity statin therapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Statins are the cornerstone drug class in modern cardiology and they save many lives. Cardiac rehab saves a similar number of lives through a totally different mechanism. The two are additive, not substitutes. A patient who takes their statin AND finishes cardiac rehab does better than a patient who does either one alone.

Hospitalization Reductions

Patients who finish cardiac rehab get hospitalized less often. The 18 to 33 percent reduction in readmissions is meaningful for two reasons. First, hospitalization itself is hard on patients (loss of function, infection risk, financial cost). Second, the reduced readmission rate translates into less of the downstream damage that comes with repeated hospital stays, more time at home, more time doing normal life, less time recovering.

Exercise Capacity Improvements

Patients who finish cardiac rehab usually improve their exercise capacity by 1.5 to 3 metabolic equivalents of task (METs). That sounds technical, but it translates into real life: you can walk farther, climb more stairs, garden longer, play with grandchildren more, and do the things you want to do without getting winded as quickly.

Quality of Life and Mental Health

Cardiac rehab programs screen for depression and anxiety (both common after heart events and frequently underaddressed) and provide intervention or referral when needed. Quality of life scores on standard questionnaires improve substantially. Many patients describe feeling more confident about their heart, less fearful of activity, and more in control of their condition.

Return to Work

Working-age patients who finish cardiac rehab are more likely to return to their previous job (or to find suitable alternative work) than patients who skip it. The improved fitness and the confidence gained through the program both contribute.

Why the Benefit Is So Large

Cardiac rehab works through multiple mechanisms layered together:

Each piece helps a little. Together they produce the large mortality and hospitalization reductions seen in the trials.

Who Qualifies for Cardiac Rehabilitation?

Medicare covers cardiac rehab for several specific conditions: recent heart attack within 12 months, coronary stent (PCI), bypass surgery (CABG), surgical or transcatheter valve procedure, heart transplant, stable angina, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and peripheral artery disease with claudication. Most commercial insurance plans follow similar rules. The qualifying conditions list has expanded over time as the evidence base grew.

The Medicare-Covered Conditions

If you have had any of the following, you almost certainly qualify for cardiac rehab:

How the Referral Happens

If you have had a qualifying event, your cardiologist (or sometimes your primary care doctor) sends the referral to a cardiac rehab program. The referral usually includes:

The rehab program intake team handles the insurance authorization, schedules your orientation visit, and gets you started.

The Underuse Problem

Despite the evidence and the insurance coverage, only about a quarter of eligible US patients actually finish a cardiac rehab program. The 2024 AHA scientific statement called out improving cardiac rehab participation as one of the highest-priority quality initiatives in cardiovascular care. The barriers are well-documented and mostly logistical, not medical:

Virtual cardiac rehab exists in large part to solve the first four of those barriers. Patients who would have skipped center-based rehab for logistical reasons can often complete a virtual program because the friction is so much lower.

The Center-Based vs Virtual Rehab Decision

Center-based and virtual cardiac rehab produce comparable outcomes per the 2023 Cochrane review and multiple randomized trials. The choice between them is mostly about logistics, risk profile, and personal preference. Higher-risk early-recovery patients (recent CABG, very low EF, complex arrhythmias) often start in person with a transition to virtual after. Lower-risk patients with logistical constraints often do better with virtual from the start.

When I Recommend Center-Based First

When I Recommend Virtual Rehab First

The Hybrid Option

A common compromise: start with 2 to 4 weeks (or 6 to 8 weeks for higher-risk patients) of center-based rehab, then transition to virtual for the remainder of the program. This captures the closer early monitoring without sacrificing the long-term adherence advantage of the virtual format. Many programs can accommodate the hybrid model.

In my Encinitas practice, the conversation about which format goes at the first follow-up visit after the qualifying event. We look at your specific situation, your logistical constraints, and your personal preferences, and we pick the format most likely to actually get finished.

What a Center-Based Cardiac Rehab Program Looks Like

A typical center-based program runs 36 sessions over 12 to 18 weeks, usually 2 to 3 sessions per week. Each session is about an hour and takes place in a hospital or clinic gym staffed by exercise physiologists, nurses, and a medical director. The session structure: vital sign check-in, supervised exercise (treadmill, bike, light resistance), cool-down, and education or counseling.

The Orientation Visit

Your first contact with the program is usually an orientation visit, not a workout. At orientation you will:

The orientation visit usually takes about 90 minutes to 2 hours. You will need to wear clothes you can exercise in.

What to Bring on Session Days

Once you start regular sessions, the practical packing list is small:

You do not need to bring exercise equipment. The gym is fully equipped with treadmills, stationary bikes, ellipticals, recumbent bikes, light weights, resistance bands, and sometimes pool access for water-based exercise.

What the Gym Looks Like

Cardiac rehab gyms look like a cross between a small fitness center and a clinic. The typical layout:

Each patient wears a small wireless heart rate monitor during exercise, and the staff can see all the rhythms on the monitor wall in real time. If anything looks concerning, they pause your session immediately.

A Typical Session Minute by Minute

A standard cardiac rehab session lasts about an hour. The structure looks like this:

Check-In (5 to 10 minutes)

You arrive, sign in, and have a nurse take your vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen level, weight). The team asks how you are feeling, any new symptoms since the last session, any medication changes, anything you want them to know.

Warm-Up (5 minutes)

A few minutes of slow walking, easy cycling, or general movement to get your heart rate up gradually before the main workout.

Main Exercise (30 to 40 minutes)

The core of the session. The specifics depend on your exercise prescription, but a typical layout might include:

Throughout, your heart rate is monitored continuously via the wireless telemetry. Staff walks around the floor watching everyone, ready to slow you down, speed you up, or pause the session if something looks off.

Exercise intensity is set by your prescription, usually a target heart rate range, a rating of perceived exertion on the Borg scale (where 6 is no effort and 20 is maximum effort; cardiac rehab targets are usually 11 to 13 to start, advancing to 12 to 14), or the talk test (you should be able to speak in short sentences but not full conversations).

Cool-Down (5 minutes)

A few minutes of slower walking and stretching to bring your heart rate back down before you leave.

Education or Counseling (5 to 15 minutes)

Each session usually includes a brief education topic delivered one-on-one with a clinician or in a small group. Over the 36 sessions, the curriculum covers nutrition, medications, blood pressure self-monitoring, stress management, sleep, smoking cessation, and warning signs that warrant calling your cardiologist or going to the ER.

Post-Session

You sign out, change clothes if you brought a change, and head home. No restrictions on driving, eating, or normal activity afterward.

Frequency and Total Duration

The standard prescription is 2 to 3 sessions per week. The 36-session program runs 12 to 18 weeks depending on how frequently you can attend. Medicare covers up to 36 sessions for qualifying conditions; most commercial insurance follows similar rules.

Some programs offer flexible scheduling (mornings, mid-day, early evenings). Others have more limited hours. Ask about scheduling when you do the orientation, because schedule misfit is one of the most common reasons patients drop out partway through.

What Virtual Cardiac Rehab Looks Like

Virtual cardiac rehab delivers the same Medicare-required program from your home through real-time video calls with a clinician and a kit of remote monitoring equipment (blood pressure cuff, pulse oximeter, scale, wearable heart rate monitor). Outcomes are comparable to in-person rehab per the 2023 Cochrane review. Completion rates tend to be higher because logistical barriers are lower.

How It Works in Short

If you go the virtual route (see the dedicated virtual cardiac rehab guide for the full walkthrough), the basic flow is:

What Makes It Work

The supervision is real-time. A clinician (usually a registered nurse or exercise physiologist) is on the video call watching the entire session, tracking your heart rate as it changes in real time, asking about symptoms, and adjusting intensity as needed. The monitoring is comparable to what you would get in a hospital gym, just delivered through video and remote sensors instead of in person.

Why the Outcomes Are Comparable

The 2023 Cochrane review compared home-based and virtual programs to traditional center-based programs across multiple randomized trials. No significant differences were found on mortality, exercise capacity, blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking cessation, or quality of life. Adherence was higher in the virtual and home-based programs, which makes sense, the logistical barriers are lower so more people actually finish.

How to Prepare for Cardiac Rehab Day

Wear comfortable workout clothes and supportive shoes. Bring water, a light snack if needed, and your medication list. Eat a small meal 1 to 2 hours before the session, not a large meal right before. Take your morning medications as usual unless your cardiologist has told you otherwise. Arrive 10 to 15 minutes early for your first few sessions.

What to Wear

Avoid jeans, dress shirts with restrictive collars, or anything you cannot exercise in comfortably. Avoid jewelry that can catch on equipment.

What to Bring

Eating Before a Session

The general rule: a small meal or large snack 1 to 2 hours before the session, not a large meal right before. Some patients exercise better fasted; others get lightheaded without something in their stomach. Find what works for you.

If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar before and after sessions for the first week or two until you know how exercise affects it. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can happen during or after exercise, especially if you are on insulin or a sulfonylurea. Bring a fast-acting carbohydrate (glucose tablets, juice box, or a few hard candies) just in case.

Medications Before a Session

Take your usual morning medications unless your cardiologist has told you otherwise. The most common medication-related questions:

When to Arrive

For the first few sessions, arrive 10 to 15 minutes early so you have time to check in, change if needed, and get your vital signs taken without feeling rushed. Once you know the routine, 5 minutes early is usually plenty.

What If You Are Having a Bad Day

If you feel substantially worse than usual the morning of a session (significant fatigue, new shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, or any acute symptom), call the rehab center and ask whether you should skip the session. Sometimes the answer is to come in but they will modify the workout. Sometimes the answer is to call your cardiologist first. Better to ask than to push through something that should have been evaluated.

What to Expect at Each Phase of the Program

Phase 1 (weeks 1 to 4) focuses on building a foundation, low to moderate intensity, getting comfortable with the equipment, and learning the basics. Phase 2 (weeks 5 to 8) ramps up intensity and adds more resistance work. Phase 3 (weeks 9 to 12) consolidates the gains and prepares you for the transition to independent exercise. Beyond the 36 sessions, the maintenance phase is on your own with home or community exercise.

Phase 1: Weeks 1 to 4 (the Foundation)

The first few weeks are about getting started safely, not pushing limits. Goals:

Workouts are short and gentle. Many patients are surprised by how easy the first week feels. That is intentional. The team is establishing a safe baseline before ramping up.

Phase 2: Weeks 5 to 8 (Ramping Up)

By weeks 5 to 8, most patients are exercising at a moderate to higher-moderate intensity (Borg 12 to 14). The aerobic time goes up. The resistance work starts in earnest. The intensity at each workout is calibrated to where you are, with the goal of steady weekly improvement.

This is also when most patients start noticing real gains. The fatigue at the end of a long day is less than it was a month ago. The walk from the parking lot to the gym feels easier. Climbing stairs at home no longer requires a pause. The data shows the biggest exercise-capacity improvements happen in weeks 4 through 10.

Phase 3: Weeks 9 to 12 (Consolidating)

The last third of the program consolidates the gains. The exercise prescription holds steady or advances slowly. The focus shifts toward preparing you for independent exercise after graduation. The clinical team will work with you to:

Beyond the 36 Sessions: Maintenance

Cardiac rehab is the structured launchpad. Maintenance is what makes the gains stick. The patients who do best long-term are the ones who carry the exercise habit forward in some form:

The 12 to 18 weeks of the formal program is a one-time investment. The lifestyle change that comes out of it is what produces the long-term benefit.

Insurance and Cost

Medicare covers cardiac rehab for qualifying conditions (recent MI, post-PCI, post-CABG, post-valve procedure, post-transplant, stable angina, HFrEF, peripheral artery disease with claudication) at the standard Medicare rate. Most commercial insurance plans follow similar rules. Out-of-pocket cost varies by plan; copays are typically modest. Prior authorization is sometimes required and is handled by the cardiologist’s office or the rehab program intake team.

Medicare Coverage

Original Medicare covers cardiac rehab when you have a qualifying condition and a physician referral. Coverage includes:

The Medicare copay per session depends on your specific plan and where you have met your annual deductible.

Commercial Insurance

Most commercial insurance plans cover cardiac rehab for the same conditions Medicare covers. Specific rules vary by plan:

Call your insurance carrier (or have the rehab program intake team call) to confirm coverage and prior authorization requirements before you start.

Out-of-Pocket Cost Expectations

For most patients with insurance, the out-of-pocket cost for the full 36 sessions falls in the range of $0 (no copay or after the annual deductible is met) to about $1,500 (high copay plans).

For patients without insurance, programs typically offer self-pay rates or sliding-scale options. The cash rate per session is usually substantially below the billed insurance rate.

Cost-Effectiveness

Even at the higher end of the out-of-pocket range, cardiac rehab is among the most cost-effective interventions in cardiology. The 20 to 25 percent mortality reduction and the 18 to 33 percent reduction in hospital readmissions translate into substantial savings on future hospitalizations, emergency visits, and rescue medications. The 2021 Brouwers cost-effectiveness analysis in JAMA Network Open showed that even the more expensive virtual cardiac rehab platforms are cost-effective at standard willingness-to-pay thresholds.

If cost is a barrier, talk to the program intake team about payment plans, sliding-scale fees, or community programs that subsidize cardiac rehab for patients in need.

Common Barriers (and How to Get Around Them)

The most common barriers to cardiac rehab participation are transportation, work schedule conflicts, geographic distance, fear of exercise after a heart event, cost concerns, and lack of awareness. Virtual cardiac rehab handles most of the logistical barriers. The remaining barriers (fear, cost, awareness) are addressed through patient education, insurance navigation, and the same opt-out referral systems that have improved participation in high-performing centers.

Transportation

If you cannot drive or do not have reliable transportation, the options include:

Work Schedule Conflicts

If you work full-time and the local rehab center is only open during business hours, the options include:

Geographic Distance

If the nearest rehab center is more than 30 to 45 minutes away, you are statistically much less likely to finish a center-based program. The virtual option is often the right answer for patients in rural or underserved areas.

Fear of Exercise

Patients recently after a heart event often fear that exercise will trigger another event. The supervised setting is actually one of the safest environments for resuming exercise, cardiac event rates during supervised exercise are very low (about 1 event per 50,000 patient-hours of exercise). The whole point of the program is to give you a structured, monitored way to safely return to activity. The team is trained to handle any symptom that comes up.

Cost

Insurance usually covers cardiac rehab. The cardiologist’s office or the rehab program intake team can navigate the prior authorization paperwork. If out-of-pocket cost is still a concern, ask about payment plans, sliding-scale fees, or community programs.

Lack of Awareness

Many patients have never heard of cardiac rehab when they leave the hospital after a heart event. The 2024 AHA scientific statement emphasizes that automatic opt-out referral at hospital discharge substantially improves participation. If you have had a qualifying event and have not been referred to cardiac rehab, ask your cardiologist directly. The referral is straightforward and the benefit is large.

What If You Have Already Been Referred but Have Not Started?

Call the rehab center and schedule the orientation visit. The first call is the hardest part. Once you are on the schedule, the program structure takes over and the momentum builds. Many patients who feel hesitant before starting find that the first few sessions resolve most of their doubts.

The single highest-yield action a patient can take right now is to call the cardiac rehab center and schedule the orientation. If you have been putting it off, set a specific time today or tomorrow to make the call.

If you do not know the number or the name of the program, call your cardiologist’s office and ask. If you have not been referred yet, ask for a referral at your next visit.

The orientation visit itself is low-stakes, no exercise that day, just a conversation, a baseline assessment, and a tour. Most patients leave orientation feeling much less anxious about the program than they did walking in.

Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Bottom Line

Cardiac rehabilitation is one of the most evidence-based interventions in cardiology, and one of the most underused. The 20 to 25 percent mortality reduction, the 18 to 33 percent reduction in hospital readmissions, and the substantial improvements in exercise capacity, quality of life, and return to work make it a high-value treatment for almost every patient who qualifies.

If you have had a recent qualifying heart event (heart attack, stent, bypass surgery, valve procedure, heart transplant, stable angina, HFrEF, or peripheral artery disease with claudication) and you have not been referred to cardiac rehab, ask for the referral at your next cardiology visit. If you have been referred but have not started, call the rehab center today and schedule the orientation. If the in-person format does not fit your schedule, your geography, or your preferences, ask about virtual cardiac rehab, the outcomes are comparable for most patients and the logistical barriers are much lower.

The 12 to 18 weeks of the program is a one-time investment. The lifestyle change that comes out of it pays dividends for decades.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cardiac Rehabilitation

Who qualifies for cardiac rehabilitation?

Medicare-covered qualifying conditions include recent heart attack within 12 months, coronary stent (PCI), bypass surgery (CABG), heart valve repair or replacement (surgical or transcatheter), heart transplant, stable angina, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and peripheral artery disease with claudication. Most commercial insurance plans follow similar rules.

How long does cardiac rehab take?

A standard program is 36 sessions over 12 to 18 weeks, typically 2 to 3 supervised sessions per week. Each session is about an hour. Medicare covers up to 36 sessions for qualifying conditions.

Is virtual cardiac rehab as effective as in-person?

For most patients, yes. The 2023 Cochrane systematic review and multiple randomized trials show comparable outcomes on mortality, exercise capacity, quality of life, and risk-factor control. The 2024 AHA scientific statement recognizes virtual and home-based rehab as having similar efficacy and safety to center-based rehab in low-to-moderate-risk patients. See the dedicated virtual cardiac rehab guide for more.

Does insurance cover cardiac rehabilitation?

Yes, for qualifying conditions. Medicare and most commercial insurance plans cover cardiac rehab. Out-of-pocket copays are typically modest. Prior authorization is sometimes required and is handled by the cardiologist’s office or the rehab program intake team.

Is exercise safe after a heart event?

Yes, in the supervised cardiac rehab setting. Cardiac event rates during supervised exercise are very low (about 1 event per 50,000 patient-hours). The supervised program is much safer than trying to figure out exercise alone at home.

What if I cannot exercise due to other health problems?

Many patients with coexisting conditions still benefit from modified exercise programs. The prescription is tailored to your specific limitations (orthopedic, pulmonary, neurological). Very few conditions are absolute contraindications to some form of supervised exercise. Talk to your cardiologist about your specific situation.

Will cardiac rehab help me get off some of my medications?

Sometimes. Blood pressure medications may be reduced if your BP consistently runs low after the exercise improvements. Most cardiovascular medications stay on, because the mortality benefit of rehab is additive to medications, not a substitute. Discuss any medication changes with your cardiologist.

What happens after the 36 sessions end?

A maintenance plan is part of the discharge process. Options include Phase 3 cardiac rehab (less-supervised continuation), community programs like Silver Sneakers or YMCA cardiac maintenance, home-based exercise with periodic cardiology check-ins, and wearable-based self-monitoring. The lifestyle change that comes out of the formal program is what produces the long-term benefit.

References

  1. Dibben, Grace, Joe Faulkner, Neil Oldridge, et al. “Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis.” European Heart Journal 44, no. 6 (2023): 452-469.

  2. Dibben, Grace, Joe Faulkner, Neil Oldridge, et al. “Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease (Cochrane Update).” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2021): CD001800.

  3. Brown, Todd M., Quinn R. Pack, Edward Aberegg, et al. “Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: 2024 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.” Circulation 150, no. 18 (2024): e328-e347.

  4. Thomas, Randal J., Alexis L. Beatty, Theresa M. Beckie, et al. “Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology.” Circulation 140, no. 1 (2019): e69-e89.

  5. McDonagh, Sinead T., Hasnain Dalal, Sarah Moore, et al. “Home-Based Versus Centre-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2023): CD007130.

  6. Golbus, Jessica R., Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Ana Barac, et al. “Digital Technologies in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.” Circulation 148, no. 1 (2023): 95-107.

  7. Ramachandran, Hadassah Joann, Ying Jiang, Wilson Wai San Tam, Tee Joo Yeo, and Wenru Wang. “Effectiveness of Home-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation as an Alternative to Phase 2 Cardiac Rehabilitation of Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 29, no. 7 (2022): 1017-1043.

  8. Owen, Olivia, and Veronica O’Carroll. “The Effectiveness of Cardiac Telerehabilitation in Comparison to Centre-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes: A Literature Review.” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 30, no. 4 (2024): 631-646.

  9. Li, Ruochen, Mengmeng Wang, Sai Chen, and Lijuan Zhang. “Comparative Efficacy and Adherence of Telehealth Cardiac Rehabilitation Interventions for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Nursing Studies 158 (2024): 104845.

  10. Brouwers, Rutger W. M., E. K. J. van der Poort, Hareld M. C. Kemps, Mary E. van den Akker-van Marle, and Jos J. Kraal. “Cost-effectiveness of Cardiac Telerehabilitation With Relapse Prevention for the Treatment of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in the Netherlands.” JAMA Network Open 4, no. 12 (2021): e2136652.

  11. Thomas, Randal J. “Cardiac Rehabilitation, Challenges, Advances, and the Road Ahead.” New England Journal of Medicine 390, no. 9 (2024): 830-841.

  12. Virani, Salim S., L. Kristin Newby, Suzanne V. Arnold, et al. “2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 82, no. 9 (2023): 833-955.